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decisions雅思阅读(做雅思阅读的时候遇到难题怎么办)
大家好,今天小编来为大家解答以下的问题,关于decisions雅思阅读,做雅思阅读的时候遇到难题怎么办这个很多人还不知道,现在让我们一起来看看吧!
本文目录
做雅思阅读的时候遇到难题怎么办
遇上难题的时候,最重要的是不能自乱了阵脚,要以冷静的大脑来面对难题,这种情况下,多数是在考验我们的心理能力,只要按照正确的方法解题,就会有意想不到的结果。
段落含义分层阅读文章中许多段落的含义并不是非常明显和集中的,有些段落包含了很多层的含义,因此学生很难决定哪一层的含义可以代表整个段落,再加之上下文之间如果有过渡的内容,使两个相邻段落看起来有重叠的含义,这样就更难确定每一段的主旨了。其实,段落含义的分层是表面现象,也就是说,看上去一个段落有几层意思,其实这几层意思是统一的:前文铺垫、后文揭示出主旨;或者前文概括、后文进一步解释前文的内容,这两种是最常见的分层。大家只要根据段落的具体含义判断是哪种分层,然后就不难找出段落的主旨了。看下面的例子。
例1,ADVANTAGESOFPBLICTRANSPORT,C段:“Thereisawidespreadbeliefthatincreasingwealthencouragespeopletolivefartherourwherecarsaretheonlyviabletransport.
TheexampleofEuropeancitiesrefutesthat.TheyareoftenwealthierthantheirAmericancounterpartsbuthavenotgeneratedthesamelevelofcaruse…”在这一段中,大家能够通过前几句总结出三层含义:1.人们普遍认为财富的增长会促进私家车的使用;2.欧洲城市的例子反驳了这一观点;3.欧洲城市比美国城市富裕,但是在欧洲城市,车辆的使用并没有像美国城市一样多。于是这一段给大家造成了总结主旨的困难。其实,如果大家看到以上三句话之间的联系,就能体会到本段的主旨在于反驳第一句话的含义,后面的内容都是用对比的方式来反驳第一句话,这样,这一段看似分开的含义就集中在一起了。
例2,MAKETEINTEGRATEDRURALTRANSPORTPROJECT,E段:“ItwouldhavebeeneasytocriticizetheMIRTPforusingintheearlyphasesa“top-down”approach,inwhichdecisionsweremadebyexpertsandofficialsbeforebeinghandeddowntocommunities,butitwasnecessarytostarttheprocessfromthelevelofthegovernmentalauthoritiesofthedistrict.Itwouldhavebeendifficulttorespondtotherequestsofvillagersandotherruralinhabitantswithoutthesupportandunderstandingofdistrictauthorities.”这个段落中,首句的前半句旨在说明top-downapproach是被批评的,而后半句的转折告诉我们信息:从地区政府向下推进和实施的方法是有必要的,因此,我们看到这个段落在强调转折后的内容,作者的主旨在于说明“应该以政府为起点向下进行”。
隐含匹配隐含匹配的意思就是说,题目给出的所有heading与原文某段落的含义都不是明显的一致,而是需要我们仔细推敲两者之间的一致性,才能大胆地决定某一个heading适合这个段落。很多题目的概括性非常强,我们不能按照提及的个别关键词来判断,这样一来,做题时间就会延长,所以隐含匹配是最难把握的。甚至有时候教师在讲解题目时,告诉学生答案以后,学生仍然觉得不可思议,答案为什么和这个段落是一致的。对于这种难点,考试研究中心建议考生只有在平时练习中准确把握句意,进而扩展到准确把握段落意义,才能判断出段落和题目的匹配。例如,MAKINGEVERYDROPCOUNT,H段:获得更多雅思考试咨询点击进入>>>>天道免费咨询顾问或联系QQ客服:800004500“Ontheotherhand,dams,aqueductsandotherkindsofinfrastructurewillstillhavet
obebuilt,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswherebasichumanneedshavenotbeenmet.Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfindwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.”在这个段路中,通过转折,我们可以确定文章的主旨在but后面。作者用了一系列的比较级形容词来强调今后这些projects应该比原来有所改进。在题目给出的heading中,没有任何一个体现了如何具体改进今后的工程,因此考生会觉得题目难以选出。但是,如果我们看到了划线的一系列比较级,我们可以把它们概括为:改进以后比原来好了很多,也就是说,我们在今后的工程中,要求和标准提高了很多,这样我们就选出了:Theneedtoraisestandards这个标题。
题目干扰性强一些题目干扰性非常强,有时候两个heading看起来是十分相似的意思,甚至有一个的关键词比另外一个(正确答案)更多或者更贴近这个段落,导致学生毫不犹豫地选择关键词多的那个heading,这种干扰也是令学生头疼不解的难点。我们看下面的heading题:EffectsofirrigationonsedimentationThedangeroffloodingtheCairoareaCausingpollutionintheMediterranean这三个选项都涉及了原文D段的关键词(划线部分),虽然这三个选项的意思并不一样,但是都与原文有所关联,因此其中存在干扰项,大家要根据原文D段的具体含义来选择,而不能靠某一个或某几个关键词来选择。再比如,这两个heading:TheexpansionofinternationaltourisminrecentyearsFragile
regionsandthereasonsfortheexpansionoftourismthere这两个选项也看起来非常相似,因此学生们会忽略两者的区别,其实两个选项的侧重点并不一样,第一个讲述的是expansion的过程;而第二个讲的是expansion的原因。
雅思阅读定语从句分析
2017雅思阅读定语从句分析
导语:雅思阅读中常含有许多定语从句,但是从句一般比较难分析出主谓宾,下面我分析阅读中的定语从句,欢迎参考!
1.Librariesmadeeducationpossible,andeducationinitsturnaddedtolibraries;thegrowthofknowledgefollowedakindofcompound-interestlaw,whichwasgreatlyenhancedbytheinventionofprinting.
要点:从内容上分析,which修饰“thegrowthofknowledge”
图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能,而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。知识的增长遵循了一种复利法则。由于印刷术的发明,这一知识增长过程得以大大加速。
2.Iftheycaneachbetrustedtotakesuchresponsibilities,andtoexercisesuchinitiativeasfallswithintheirsphere,thenadministrativeoverheadwillbelow.
如果他们每个人都能予以信任承担这样的职责,并在他们所管辖的范围内发挥主动性,那么管理费用就会降低。
3.Thereareprobablynoquestionwecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhatmatterofconsciousness.
迟早可能不存在我们想得出但解答不了的问题,甚至包括我们意识的问题。
4.Thecurtainwasrungdowninthatphaseofhistory,atleast,bythesuddeninventionofthehydrogenbomb,oftheballisticmissileandofrocketsthatcanbeaimedtohitthemoon.
至少由于氢弹、弹道导弹和登月火箭出人意料地发明,那个历史时期宣告结束了。
5.StudiesoftheWeddellsealinthelaboratoryhavedescribedthephysiologicalmechanismsthatallowthesealstocopewiththeextremeoxygendeprivationthatoccursduringitslongestdives,whichcanextend500metersbelowtheocean’ssurfaceandlastforover70minutes.(三个定语从句)
关于威德尔海豹特殊的生理机制,在实验室里对其进行的研究已作过详细的描述。该生理机制使海豹可以适应长时间潜水时出现的极度缺氧。海豹长时间潜水时最深可达水面以下500米,时间可持续70多分钟。
6.Therenaissanceofthefeministmovementbeganduringthe1950’sledtotheStasistschool,whichsidesteppedthegoodbaddichotomyandarguedthatfrontierwomenlivedlivessimilartthelivesofwomenintheEast.
20世纪50年代女权运动的复兴产生了斯塔西学派,这一学派回避好与坏的二分法,认为边境地区妇女和东部妇女过着同样的生活。
7.Tom,thebook’sprotagonist,tookissuewithamanwhodotedonhishouseholdpetyet,asaslavemerchant,thought“nothingofseparatingthehusbandfromthewife,theparentsfromthechildren”.
书中的主人公汤姆与一个人发生了争执。这人虽然爱家中的宠物。但作为一个奴隶贩子,却认为“拆散夫妻,让骨肉分离算不了什么”。
8.Wearenotconsciousoftheextenttowhichworkprovidethepsychologicalsatisfactionthatcanmakethedifferencebetweenafullandanemptylife.
我们不了解工作给人们提供的能把充实的生活与空虚的生活区分开来的心理满足的程度有多大。
9.Thus,theunitythatshouldcharacterizethestrongsystemisdevelopedbyaffordingopportunityfordiversity,whichappearstobeessentialifeducationistodevelopinconsiderationoftheneedsofchildrenandyouth.
因此,强大的教育体系所具备的统一性这一特点是通过提供各种机会来达到的。如果发展教育要考虑儿童和青年的需要,多种机会就显得至关重要。
10.Automobileshavebeendesignedwhichoperateonliquidhydrogen,butthesesystemgiverisetoseeminglyunavoidableproblemsarisingfromthehandlingofacryogenicliquid.
虽然已经设计出液氢驱动的汽车,但是这些系统带来一些由如何处理低温液体而引发的似乎难以回避的问题。
11.Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.
行为主义者的看法是:如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中长大,而这些刺激物又能培养其作出适当的反应能力,那么他就会有比较高的智力发展水平。
12.Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.
虽然有多少个历史学家,就差不多有多少种历史学的定义,但现代史学家的实践大都趋向于这样一种定义,即历史学是旨在重现和解释过去重大事件的'学科。
13.WhilethisboundarydoesnotmarktheouterlimitofaState’sterritory,sinceininternationallawtheterritorialseaformspartofaState’sterritory,itdoesrepresentthedemarcation(分界,定界,界限)betweenthatmaritimearea(internalwaters)whereotherStatesenjoynogeneralrights,andthosemaritimeareas(theterritorialseaandotherzones)whereotherStatesdoenjoycertaingeneralrights.
尽管这条分界线并不算是国家领土的外缘边界,但是,因为在国际法中领海也是国家领土的组成部分,它的确是其他国家在其内不享有一般权利的海区(内水域)与其他国家在其中享有某些一般权利的那些海区(领海及其他区域)之间的分界线。
14.Hefindsthatstudentswhowereeasytoteachbecausetheysucceededinputtingeverythingtheyhadbeentaughtintopractice,hesitatewhenconfrontedwiththevastuntouchedareaofEnglishvocabularyandusagewhichfallsoutsidethescopeofbasictextbooks.
他发现原先比较容易教的学生现在踌躇不前了:原先比较容易教是因为他们能把教给他们的所有东西都付诸实践;现在踌躇是因为他们面对着大量的在基础教科书上所没有接触过的英语词汇和惯用法。
15.Thereaderwhoperuses(细读(正式))withsomeattentionthefollowingpageswillhaveoccasiontoseethatbothoperationalandmentalaspectsofphysicshavetheirplace,butthatneithershouldbestressedtotheexclusionoftheother.
读者如果略微仔细地阅读以下几页就会有理由认为,实验操作和思维在物理学中都具有一定的地位,因而不能强调一方而忽略另一方。
16.Thepublicisunhappyaboutthewaysocietyisgoing,anditsview,fueledinpartbytheagendistsandthemedia,seemstobethatjudicial(司法的)decisionsunacceptabletothem,regardlessoftheevidenceorthelaw,willsloworchangesocialdirections.
公众对社会发展的前景不乐观,在议事人士和新闻媒体的某种鼓动下,公众的观点似乎是:不管证据或法律,司法判决对他们来说是不可接受的,这些判决将会延缓或者改变社会走向。
17.ButIwouldliketodothesamewiththeacclaimtoo,byusingthismomentasapinnaclefromwhichImightbelistenedtobytheyoungmenandwomenalreadydedicatedtothesameanguish(痛苦)andtravail(辛苦),amongwhomisalreadythatonewhowillsomedaystandherewhereIamstanding.
我愿意利用这个时刻,利用这个举世瞩目的讲坛,向那些听到我讲话并已献身同一艰苦劳动的男女青年致敬。他们当中肯定有人迟早也会站到我现在所站的地方。
18.Ourhopeforcreativelivinginthisworldhousethatwehaveinheritedliesinourabilitytore-establishthemoralendsofourlivesinpersonalcharacterandsocialjustice.
我们希望富有创造性地生活在我们继承的这个世界家庭当中,这种希望存在于我们重新建立人类个性和社会公平方面的生活道德目标的能力之中。
19.Fromtheverydayofthecapitulation,bywhichBismark’sprisonershadsignedthesurrenderofFrancebutreservedtothemselvesanumerousbodyguardfortheexpresspurposeofcowingParis,Parisstoodonthewatch.
从法国投降那一天起,巴黎就严加戒备,因为屈从于俾斯麦的法国政府签约投降时,保留了一支相当庞大的军事力量,目的是为了威胁恐吓巴黎。
20.WhenI’mhavingtroublewithastoryandthinkaboutgivingup,orwhenIstarttofeelsorryformyselfandthinkthingsshouldbeeasierforme,Irollapieceofpaperintothatcrankyoldmachineandtype,wordbypainfulword,justthewaymymotherdid.
每当我写文章遇到困难想打退堂鼓时,或是自叹不走运时,我就往那台破旧的打字机里卷进一张纸,像妈妈当年一样,一个字一个字吃力地打着。
21.Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupjustbeforegoingonvacationwithhisfamilywho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancerthatwillcausehimtodiewithinsixmonths?
举例来说,一个46岁的男子,在与家人外出度假之前进行常规体检。虽然他自我感觉良好,但医生发现他患了某种形式的癌症,不超过6个月就会死去。这时,医生该怎么对他讲呢?
22.Betweenmidnightanddawn,whensleepwillnotcomeandalltheoldwoundsbegintoache,Ioftenhaveanightmarevisionofafutureworldinwhichtherearebillionsofpeople,allnumberedandregistered,withnotagleamofgeniusanywhere,notanoriginalmind,arichpersonality,onthewholepackedglobe.
在午夜和黎明之间,每当我不能入睡,一切旧的创伤开始疼痛的时候,我常常想象未来世界的恶梦般的情景,在所有登记编号入册的亿万人民生活的这个拥护不堪的世界上,没有一处有一线天才的光芒、独创性的头脑和丰富多彩的个性。
23.Itneedsmenwhocanbepromptedwithoutanaimexcepttheaimtobeonthemove,tofunction,togoahead.
社会需要这样的人:他们只为一种目标所激励,即积极行动、恪尽职守、奋发向上。
24.Weliveinanarrowedworldwherewemustbealert,awaketorealism;andrealismdemandsastandardwhicheithermustbemetorresultinfailure.
我们生活在一个狭窄的世界里,我们必须对现实主义保持警觉并有所认识,现实主义要求有一个标准,不是达到这个标准,就是以失败告终。
25.Wecanexposeourchildrentothebestvalueswehavefound.
我们能够让孩子接受我们所发现的最佳价值观。
26.Inshort,youwillactlikethesortofpersonyouconceiveyourselftobe.
简言之,你如何去行动就看你如何想象自己。
27.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.
对我们来说,一个成功者即代表个人又是社会的一份子,他的真实表现是可信、可靠、机敏、真诚。
28.Thosemostlovedinvariablythosewhohavethecapacityforbelievinginothers.
那些信任别人的人总是最受人爱戴的。
29.Americanswhostemfromgenerationswhichlefttheiroldpeoplebehindandneverclosedtheirparents’eyelidsindeath,andwhohaveexperiencedthedeathprovidedbytwoworldwarsfoughtfarfromourshoresaretodaypushingawayfromthembotharecognitionofdeathandarecognitionofthewayweliveourlives.
上溯到美国人的先辈,他们都有撇下了亲人,不能替逝去的父母合上眼睑的痛楚。而如今的美国人在体验了远离我们大陆的两次世界大战造成的死亡以后,不论是对死亡的认识,还是对我们的生活方式的认识,都一概不在意了。
30.Certainlythehumanistthinkersoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,whoareourideologicalancestors,thoughtthegoaloflifewastheunfoldingofaperson’spotentialities:whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohavemuchorusesmuch.
当然,18、19世纪的人文思想家们,他们是我们意识形态领域的先辈,他们认为人生的目的就是充分展示个人潜在的能力。对于他们来说,重要的是人本身的价值,而并非占有和使用才是人的价值。
31.Howmucheasier,howmuchmoresatisfyingitisforyouwhocanseetograspquicklytheessentialqualitiesofanotherpersonbywatchingthesubtletiesofexpression,thequiverofamuscle,theflutterofahand.
对于你们能用眼睛观察事物的人,通过观察那些难以捉摸的表情,观察肌肉的颤抖和挥动的手势,就能迅速捕捉一个人的基本特征,该是十分容易和更令人满足的事情。
32.Herwoebegoneexpression,herhang-dogmanner,herover-anxiousnesstoplease,orperhapsherunconscioushostilitytowardsthosesheanticipatedwillaffronther-allacttodriveawaythosewhomshewouldattract.
他本来可以吸引很多人,只因她那副愁眉苦脸的表情,自觉做错事的样子,急于讨好别人的举动,或者也许是她以为别人会有意使她难堪而产生的下意识的敌意,往往把人吓跑。
33.Thereisaverylonglistofsuch“perhapses”,fewofwhichweareinapositiontoevaluatewithanydegreeofassurance.
我们可以将这类“也许”排满一张长长的单子,其中,我们能够有把握加以评估的却很少。
34.Ifmarriageexistsonlyasanintimaterelationshipthatcanbeterminatedatwill,andfamilyexistsonlybyvirtueofbondsofaffection,bothmarriageandfamilyarerelegatedtothemarketplaceoftradingplaces,withindividualsmaximizingtheirpsychologicalcapitalbymovingthroughaseriesofmoreorlesssatisfyingintimaterelationships.
如果婚姻只是一种可以任意终结的亲密关系,而家庭只是靠爱情的纽带来维持,那么婚姻和家庭则沦为可以自由买卖的市场,每个人都可以穿梭于一系列或多或少会让自己心满意足的亲密关系,从而使自己的心理资本得到最大的增值。
;雅思阅读真题训练
TIME:5-7'
HOWIQBECOMESIQ
In1904theFrenchministerofeducation,facinglimitedresourcesforschooling,soughtawaytoseparatetheunablefromthemerelylazy.AlfredBinetgotthejobofdevisingselectionprinciplesandhisbrilliantsolutionputastamponthestudyofintelligenceandwastheforerunnerofintelligencetestsstillusedtoday.Hedevelopedathirty-problemtestin1905,whichtappedseveralabilitiesrelatedtointellect,suchasjudgmentandreasoning.Thetestdeterminedagivenchild'smentalage'.Thetestpreviouslyestablishedanormforchildrenofagivenphysicalage.Forexample,five-year-oldsonaveragegettenitemscorrect,therefore,achildwithamentalageoffiveshouldscore10,whichwouldmeanthatheorshewasfunctioningprettymuchasothersofthatage.Thechild'smentalagewasthencomparedtohisphysicalage.
Alargedisparityinthewrongdirection(e.g.,achildofninewithamentalageoffour)mightsuggestinabilityratherthanlazinessandmeansthatheorshewasearmarkedforspecialschooling.Binet,however,deniedthatthetestwasmeasuringintelligenceandsaidthatitspurposewassimplydiagnostic,forselectiononly.Thismessagewashoweverlostandcausedmanyproblemsandmisunderstandingslater.
AlthoughBinet'stestwaspopular,itwasabitinconvenienttodealwithavarietyofphysicalandmentalages.So,in1912,WilhelmSternsuggestedsimplifyingthisbyreducingthetwotoasinglenumber.Hedividedthementalagebythephysicalageandmultipliedtheresultby100.Anaveragechild,irrespectiveofage,wouldscore100.anumbermuchlowerthan100wouldsuggesttheneedforhelpandonemuchhigherwouldsuggestachildwellaheadofhispeer.
ThismeasurementiswhatisnowtermedtheIQ(intelligencequotient)scoreandithasevolvedtobeusedtoshowhowaperson,adultorchild,performedinrelationtoothers.ThetermIQwascoinedbyLewism.Terman,professorofpsychologyandeducationofStanfordUniversity,in1916.HehadconstructedanenormouslyinfluentialrevisionofBinet'stest,calledtheStanford-Binettest,versionsofwhicharestillgivenextensively.
Thefieldstudyingintelligenceanddevelopingtestseventuallycoalescedintoasub-fieldofpsychologycalledpsychometrics(psychofor‘mind'andmetricsfor'measurements').Thepracticalsideofpsychometrics(thedevelopmentanduseoftests)becamewidespreadquiteearly,by1917,whenEinsteinpublishedhisgrandtheoryofrelativity,mass-scaletestingwasalreadyinuse.
Germany'sunrestrictedsubmarinewarfare(whichledtothesinkingoftheLusitaniain1915)provokedtheUnitedStatestofinallyenterthefirstworldwarinthesameyear.Themilitaryhadtobuildupanarmyveryquicklyandithadtwomillioninducteestosortout.Whowouldbecomeofficersandwhoenlistedmen?Psychometriciansdevelopedtwointelligenceteststhathelpedsortallthesepeopleout,atleasttosomeextent.Thiswasthefirstmajoruseoftestingtodecidewholivedandwhodiedsinceofficerswerealotsaferonthebattlefield.Theteststhemselvesweregivenunderhorrendouslybadconditionsandtheexaminersseemedtolackcommonsense.Alotofrecruitssimplyhadnoideawhattodoandinseveralsessionsmostinducteesscoredzero!TheexaminersalsocameupwiththequiteastoundingconclusionfromthetestingthattheaverageAmericanadult'sintelligencewasequaltothatofathirteen-year-old!
Nevertheless,theabilityforvariousauthoritiestoclassifypeopleonscientificallyjustifiablepremiseswastooconvenientandsignificanttobedismissedlightly,sowithallgoodastoundingintentionsandoftenoverenthusiasm,society'saffinityforpsychologicaltestingproliferated.
BackinEurope,SirCyrilBurt,professorofpsychologyatUniversityCollegeLondonfrom1931to1950,wasaprominentfigureforhiscontributiontothefield.HewasafirmadvocateofintelligencetestingandhisideasfittedinwellwithEnglishculturalideasofelitism.Agovernmentcommitteein1943usedsomeofBurt'sideasindevisingaratherprimitivetypologyonchildren'sintellectualbehavior.Allweretestedatageelevenandthetop15or20percentwenttogrammarschoolswithgoodteachersandafastpaceofworktoprepareforthefewuniversityplacesavailable.Alotofverybrightworking-classchildren,whootherwisewouldneverhavesucceeded,madeittogrammarschoolsanduniversities.
Thesystemfortherestwashoweverdisastrous.Thesechildrenattendedlessersecondaryortechnicalschoolsandfacedtheprospectofeventualeducationoblivion.Theyfeltlikedumbfailures,whichhavingbeenofficiallyandscientificallybranded.Nowondertheirmotivationtostudyplummeted.Itwasnotuntil1974thatthepubliceducationsystemwasfinallyreformed.NowadaysitisbelievedthatBurthasfabricatedalotofhisdata.Havinganobsessionthatintelligenceislargelygenetic,heapparentlymadeuptwinstudies,whichsupportedthisidea,atthesametimeinventingtwoco-workerswhoweresupposedtohavegatheredtheresults.
IntelligencetestingenforcedpoliticalandsocialprejudiceandtheirresultswereusedtoarguethatJewsoughttobekeptoutoftheUnitedStatesbecausetheyweresointelligentlyinferiorthattheywouldpollutetheracialmix.Andblacksoughtnottobeallowedtobreedatall.Abuseandtestbiascontroversiescontinuedtoplaquepsychometrics.
Measurementisfundamentaltoscienceandtechnology.Scienceoftenadvancesinleapsandboundswhenmeasurementdevicesimprove.Psychometricshaslongtriedtodevelopwaystogaugepsychologicalqualitiessuchasintelligenceandmorespecificabilities,anxiety,extroversion,emotionalstability,compatibilitywithmarriagepartnerandsoon.Theirscoresareoftengivenenormousweight.AsingleIQmeasurementcantakeonalifeofitsownifteachersandparentsseeitasdefinitive.Itbecameamajorissueinthe70swhencourtcaseswerelaunchedtostopanyonefrommakingimportantdecisionsbasedonIQtestscores.themaincriticismwasandstillisthatcurrenttestsdon'treallymeasureintelligence.Whetherintelligencecanbemeasuredatallisstillcontroversial.somesayitcannotwhileotherssaythatIQtestsarepsychology'sgreatestaccomplishments.
雅思阅读 电子游戏的好处 求原文题目喝答案
VideoGames’UnexpectedBenefitstoHumanBrain
AJamesPaulGee,professorofeducationattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,playedhisfirstvideogameyearsagowhenhissix-year-oldsonSamwasplayingPajamaSam:NoNeedtoHideWhenIt’sDarkOutside.HewantedtoplaythegamesohecouldsupportSam’sproblemsolving.ThoughPajamaSamisnotan“educationalgame”,itisrepletewiththetypesofproblemspsychologistsstudywhentheystudythinkingandlearning.WhenhesawhowwellthegameheldSam’sattention,hewonderedwhatsortofbeastamorematurevideogamemightbe.
BVideoandcomputergames,likemanyotherpopular,entertainingandaddictingkid’sactivities,arelookeddownuponbymanyparentsastimewasters,andworse,parentsthinkthatthesegamesrotthebrain.Violentvideogamesarereadilyblamedbythemediaandsomeexpertsasthereasonwhysomeyouthbecomeviolentorcommitextremeanti-socialbehavior.Recentcontentanalysesofvideogamesshowthatasmanyas89%ofgamescontainsomeviolentcontent,butthereisnoformofaggressivecontentfor70%ofpopulargames.Manyscientistsandpsychologists,likeJamesPaulGee,findthatvideogamesactuallyhavemanybenefits-themainonebeingmakingkidssmart.Videogamesmayactuallyteachkidshigh-levelthinkingskillsthat
theywillneedinthefuture.
C“Videogameschangeyourbrain,”accordingtoUniversityofWisconsinpsychologistShawnGreen.Videogameschangethebrain’sphysicalstructurethesamewayasdolearningtoread,playingthepiano,ornavigatingusingamap.Muchlikeexercisecanbuildmuscle,thepowerfulcombinationofconcentrationandrewardingsurgesofneurotransmitterslikedopamine,whichstrengthensneuralcircuits,canbuildtheplayer’sbrain.
DVideogamesgiveyourchild’sbrainarealworkout.Inmanyvideogames,theskillsrequiredtowininvolveabstractandhighlevelthinking.Theseskillsarenoteventaughtatschool.Someofthementalskillstrainedbyvideogamesinclude:followinginstructions,problemsolving,logic,hand-eyecoordination,finemotorandspatialskills.Researchalsosuggeststhatpeoplecan
learniconic,spatial,andvisualattentionskillsfromvideogames.Therehavebeeneven
studieswithadultsshowingthatexperiencewithvideogamesisrelatedtobettersurgicalskills.JacobBenjamin,doctorfromBethIsraelMedicalCenterNY,foundadirectlinkbetweenskillatvideogamingandskillatkeyholeorlaparoscopicsurgery.Also,areasongivenbyexpertsastowhyfighterpilotsoftodayaremoreskillfulisthatthisgeneration’spilotsarebeingweanedonvideogames.
ETheplayerslearntomanageresourcesthatarelimited,anddecidethebestuseofresources,thesamewayasinreallife.Instrategygames,forinstance,whiledevelopingacity,anunexpectedsurpriselikeanenemymightemerge.Thisforcestheplayertobeflexibleandquicklychangetactics.Sometimestheplayerdoesthisalmosteverysecondofthegamegivingthebrainarealworkout.AccordingtoresearchersattheUniversityofRochester,ledbyDaphneBavelier,acognitivescientist,gamessimulatingstressfuleventssuchasthosefoundinbattleoractiongamescouldbeatrainingtoolforrealworldsituations.Thestudysuggeststhatplayingactionvideogamesprimesthebraintomakequickdecisions.Videogamescanbeusedtotrainsoldiersandsurgeons,accordingtothestudy.StevenJohnson,authorofEverythingBadisGoodForYou:HowToday’sPopularCulture,saysgamersmustdealwithimmediateproblemswhilekeepingtheirlong-termgoalsontheirhorizon.Younggamersforcethemselvestoreadtogetinstructions,followstorylinesofgames,andgetinformationfromthegametexts.
FJamesPaulGee,professorofeducationattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,saysthatplayingavideogameissimilartoworkingthroughascienceproblem.Likestudentsinalaboratory,gamersmustcomeupwithahypothesis.Forexample,playersinsomegamesconstantlytryoutcombinationsofweaponsandpowerstousetodefeatanenemy.Ifonedoes
notwork,theychangehypothesisandtrythenextone.Videogamesaregoal-drivenexperiences,saysGee,whicharefundamentaltolearning.Also,usingmathskillsisimportanttowininmanygamesthatinvolvequantitativeanalysislikemanagingresources.Inhigherlevelsofagame,playersusuallyfailthefirsttimearound,buttheykeepontryinguntiltheysucceedandmoveontothenextlevel.
GManygamesareplayedonlineandinvolvecooperationwithotheronlineplayersinordertowin.Videoandcomputergamesalsohelpchildrengainself-confidenceandmanygamesarebasedonhistory,citybuilding,andgovernanceandsoon.Suchgamesindirectlyteachchildrenaboutaspectsoflifeonearth.
HInanupcomingstudyinthejournalCurrentBiology,authorsDaphneBavelier,AlexandrePouget,andC.ShawnGreenreportthatvideogamescouldprovideapotenttrainingregimenforspeedingupreactionsinmanytypesofreal-lifesituations.Theresearcherstesteddozensof18-to25-year-oldswhowerenotordinarilyvideogameplayers.Theysplitthesubjectsgroupplayed50hoursofthefast-pacedactionvideogames“UnrealTournament,”andtheothergroupplayed50hoursoftheslow-movingstrategygame“TheSims2.”Afterthistrainingperiod,allofthesubjectswereaskedtomakequickdecisionsinseveraltasksdesignedbytheresearchers.Theactiongameplayerswereupto25percentfasteratcomingtoaconclusionandansweredjustasmany
questionscorrectlyastheirstrategygameplayingpeers.
Questions28-31.............................................................................
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.
Writeyouranswersinboxes28-31onyouranswersheet.
28WhatisthemainpurposeofparagraphONE?
AIntroductionofprofessorJamesPaulGee.
BIntroductionofthevideogame:PajamasSam.
CIntroductionoftypesofvideogames.
DIntroductionofthebackgroundofthispassage.
29Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinthesecondparagraph?
AVideogamesarewidelyconsideredharmfulforchildren’sbrain.
BMostviolentvideogamesarethedirectreasonofjuveniledelinquency.
CEventhereisacertainproportionofviolenceinmostvideogames;scientists
andpsychologistsseeitsbenefitsofchildren’sintellectualabilities.
DManyparentsregardvideogamesastime-wasters,whichrotchildren’sbrain.
30Whatiscorrectlymentionedinparagraphfour?
ASomeschoolsusevideogamestoteachstudentsabstractandhighlevel
thinking.
BVideogamesimprovesthebrainabilityinvariousaspects.
CSomesurgeonshavebetterskillsbecausetheyplaymorevideogames.
DSkillfulfighterpilotsinthisgenerationlovetopalyvideogames.
31Whatistheexpectationoftheexperimentthethreeresearchersdid?
AGamershavetomakethebestuseofthelimitedresource.
BGamerswithbettermathskillswillwinintheend.
CStrategygameplayershavebetterabilitytomakequickdecisions.
DVideogameshelpincreasethespeedofplayers’reactioneffectively.
Questions32-35.............................................................................
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage3?
Inboxes32-35onyouranswersheet,write
TRUEifthesataementagreeswiththeinformation
FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation
NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis
32Mostvideogamesarepopularbecauseoftheirviolentcontent.
33Theactiongameplayersminimizedthepercentageofmakingmistakesinthe
experiment.
34Itwouldbeagoodideaforschoolstoapplyvideogamesintheirclassrooms.
35Thosepeoplewhoareaddictedtovideogameshavelotsofdopamineintheir
brains.
Questions36-40.............................................................................
Usetheinformationinthepassagetomatchthepeople(listedA-F)withopinionsor
deedsbelow.WritetheappropriatelettersA-Finboxes36-40onyouranswersheet.
AThewriter’sopinion
BJamesPaulGee
CShawnGreen
DDaphneBavelier
EStevenJohnson
FJacobBenjamin
36Videogamesasotherdailylifeskillsalterthebrain’sphysicalstructure.
37Brainisreadytomakedecisionswithouthesitationwhenplayersareimmersed
inplayingstressfulgames.
38Thepurpose-motivatedexperiencethatvideogamesofferplaysanessential
roleinstudying.
39Playersaregoodattacklingpromptissueswithfutureintensions.
40Ithelpschildrenbroadentheirhorizoninmanyaspectsandgainselfconfidence.
Videogames’unexpectedbenefitstohumanbrains游戏的好处
28-31
DCBD
32-35
FFNT
36-40
CDBEA
求2010年12月4日雅思考试回忆
听力
S1
19/40minutes/balcony/tennis/piano/fish/cablecar/tropical/helicopter/firework
S2accommodation好像是mainbuilding右边那个
写生的是小河左边的好像是c
学生gallery在左边两个下面那个
film在远山那边最左角
下面配对题
第一个是wildanimal
第二个是sports
第三个是people(unsure)
第四个是landscape
然后两个填空是japanese和concert
S3大猩猩都是选择
1选lookingforfood选B
2showdominance选C
3imitation影响behavior选B
4用stone选C
5用叶子垫着坐在地上(不sure)
6invalid选B
之后多选第一个研究方向adultsrelationship&showingrespect,...不sure
第二个下次带什么工具recording,fruit,还有个什么,忘了,不sure
S4
Central/effectively/takerisks/differentlevels/technical/responsibility/descriptions/flexible/decisions
阅读第一个是海牛还是海象,第二个是双胞胎的研究,第三个是飞机上用手机还有电子产品的问题
写作
Task1一个barchart和table的结合,关于4个欧洲国家邮政的问题,barchart貌似是postagechargesofweight,table是satisfiedproportion。
Task2是原来收藏在博物馆里的资料现在在网上都可以随便查到,所以博物馆没有存在的必要了,问同不同意这个观点
————————————————————————————————————————
2010年12月4日,5日国内外雅思口语真题回忆汇总
回忆1:
澳洲PART2,是描述一个INTERESTINGJOB
回忆2:
澳洲是个老太问我homestown说的有点多问我是不是准备了。
剩下一直围绕culture和festival说。
回忆3:
澳洲
part1:
whatkindofanimalsdoyoulike?why?
Part2:
whatkindofjobdoyoulike,wheredidyouheardofit?likeitornot?
part3:
doesworkconditionimproveemployeework?
接着都是围绕着job的,记不清楚了
回忆4:
英国卡的夫考下午2:40
胖胖的英格兰女子,30左右。
part1,country,major,whychoose,whetherlikeit,animal,doyoulikeanimal,why?whypeoplelikeanimal?
part2,
asport
howdidyoulearnit
ThethirdquestionIdidnotremember
Part3,
sportandeducation,
doyouthinkstudentshouldbegivenmoresportclasses
therelationshipbetweensportandindustry
mediaeffect?
回忆5:
澳洲口语:
museum
PART2,3
new(practical)skills
回忆6:
澳洲
part1问了好多问题travelbyair,dance,studentorworker,major,howimportanttostudywithinterests
part2festivalinurculture
part3youngandoldppl'sviewoftraditionalculture,这个也问了好多记不住了。。。
回忆7:
广州仲恺305
一个慈祥老太太
人很好。
part1:hometown,major.
我的话题是:afriend,howyouknowhim/her,nowwhatwayconnectwithhim/her.
allquestionsaboutfriends:makingnewfriends,whatdifferentoldandyoungpoplemakefriends?youknowtheforeinpeople;whatqualityoffriends?
goodlucktoyou!!!
回忆8:
北京考试中心~ROOM15
PART1专业,颜色,你喜欢的颜色,你想把房间涂成什么颜色,中国什么颜色有特殊意义。
别的想不起来了啊。。。
PART2ModernBuildings
我出来的时候告诉别人说考官是40多岁中年男子,现在想想他可能有50了。。。
PART3围绕现代建筑展开,老建筑和现代建筑的对比,建筑的外观和内部设施哪个更重要等等……
回忆9:
澳洲下午四点西悉尼学院考官好像叫Ketherlin
第一部分叫什么hometown在哪里因为什么出名其他忘了想起来再补
第二部分practicalskill
第三部分小孩教育小孩大人学习有什么优势学校要不要教skill现在和以前学技能有什么区别
回忆10:
澳洲MONASH第一部分叫什么hometown在哪里因为什么出名都出去玩什么在你们家乡)一般在哪买衣服喜欢什么样的FASHION(我两次口语每次都是这几个题目)第二部分用COMPUTER做过的事什么打印啊第三部分人要不要多用电脑啊政府要不要给每个人配电脑以后电脑会代替人的书写吗考官人很好一直笑但是我发挥失常了……我电脑一直在说INTERNET。。。
回忆11:
杭州201,50来岁的美国男人,发音很标准,中文发音也很标准==
PARTA:
重复之前问题(名字,哪里人,专业,工作),我说工作了,他就展开来问了问。
然后问语言,会几种语言?平时怎么学英语的,以后还计划学什么语言?
然后问电影,喜欢看那种类型的,常去看电影么?一个人还是和同学一起?为什么?
PARTB:
aquizshow(再次证明第一天口试,是不必准备的。泪。。。使劲编,尽量多说一点吧)
我讲完后,他又问,你喜不喜欢quizshow?我说不喜欢,你没看见我编得怎么辛苦啊,我喜欢真人秀。
PARTC:
继续紧扣quizshow.......问:
你们国家的人最喜欢的quizshow是?
小孩喜欢什么样的?老人喜欢什么样的?
你觉得未来quizshow的发展如何?
人们看quizshow的时候如果回答不出来问题,会不会觉得自己特别的傻。。。
quizshow比其他节目更有经济效益么?
回忆12:
合肥考场,第二口语教室,考官是个30岁中年男人
part1:你的家乡,你家乡有什么特色
part2:你喜欢的一项体育运动
part3:你认为国际间举办运动赛事重要吗?小孩运动有什么意义?年轻人为什么喜欢运
动等等。
以下是今天下午搜集的题目:(都是part2)
淘气的一件事;
使用的技能;
一个朋友;
周末做得一件事;
喜欢家里的什么东西;
一次事件;
一个电子设备;
孩子的教育;
家乡的故事;
一个主持人;
一次迟到的经历;
童年的老师;
音乐;
长途旅行;
建筑,希望能帮到大家
回忆13:
长沙
1、描述小时候的一件顽皮的事情
2、描述你的一位小学老师
3、描述一件家用电器(电脑、电视机除外)
有什么功能?你认为对你的生活有何帮助?
4、描述你喜欢的电视节目
5、描述你的一次longholiday
6、描述一项体育运动
7、描述一部你最近看的电影,是什么电影?你为什么喜欢?
8、描述一栋建筑物
是什么样的?与古代建筑有何区别?
9、描述你喜欢的电台或电台主持人
10、描述一种野生动物
11、描述一个课题计划,为什么这样计划?
12、描述你的一个朋友
13、描述一条新的法律
14、描述一种受欢迎的音乐类型
15、描述你收到的一条令你兴奋的消息,是谁发的?你怎么回复的?你感觉怎么样?
16、描述一项实用技能
17、描述一则广告
18、描述小时候的一个玩具
你认为男孩与女孩对玩玩具有何不同?
回忆14:
上海对外贸易学院,下午,103教室
part1:学生&工作?专业,就业前景,颜色,代表中国的颜色,喜欢的房间颜色,手机
part2:主持人
part3:当主持人的条件,不利因素,新闻主持人应不应该开玩笑,新闻主持人和记者的区别
回忆15:
济南山东大学2room2:00
Partindividualsituation
Part2celebrating(yourcounty;todayandinthepast)
Part3culture(thewaytoknow;easternandwestern
考官男
说话个人觉得极快,,,吞音是种乐趣。。。基本一句话前三个音是合成一个词滴。。。
回忆16:
澳洲GoldCoastTAFE,下午1点!
part1
读书还是工作,将来容不容易找工作?
喜欢旅行吗?为什么?
喜欢做饭吗?为什么?
part2
介绍一个wildanimal
为什么?怎么知道的?
part3
保护野生动物,以后动物园会怎么发展?小孩子为什么喜欢去动物园?
怎么样的动物园才能算是一个好的动物园?
有人认为保护将要灭绝的动物是在浪费钱,你觉得呢?
大概就是这样!
我同学的part2有被问到表述一个以前的老师?
一则让你高兴的news?
介绍怎么学会了用电脑画图?
回忆17:
北语307,4号下午3点的
第一部分题目很幸运,除了问姓名家乡外,还问了小时候吃什么食物,现在还吃不吃,以后有了孩子会不会让他吃,这是我以前答过的题目,所以中规中矩了。
第二部分题目是longjourney,这是我一直想说的题目,一直没碰到过,说得太high了,没注意时间,最后重点部分内容感觉少了,但是他最后时间到了打断我后又追问了我一个问题,不知道是好事还是坏事,以前没碰到过。
第三部分是围绕交通的,问你旅行喜欢选择怎样的交通工具?喜欢公共交通还是car?中国的交通该怎样improve?我说了倒是不少,就是忘记多举几个例子了,最后说到环保和新能源
回忆18:
12.4下午2.20武汉room407一个头发花白的老太太
part1Whereisyourhometown?
Haveyoulearnedthehistoryofyourhometowninschool?
whatisthewayyougetinformation,fromTVornewspapers?
Doyougetinformationthroughtheinternet?
Howdoyouusuallyspendyoursparetime?
whatkindofstorydoyoulikebest?
part2aclothingyoureceived
whatisitlooklike?
whoboughtthistoyou?
whyhe/shegivethistoyou?
explainyourfeelingswhenyoureceivethisclothing
part3wheredoChinesepeopleusuallybuyclothes?
Doyoulikeshoppingonline?
whatarethebadeffectsoffashionindustry?
Isitgoodforyoungpeopletofollowfashion?
很多有关fashion的问题
回忆19:
今天在北语蹲题!希望我人品大爆发!我蹲的以part2为主,第一部分比较常见的就是hometown,fullname什么的,第二部分考的频率比较高的有noisyplace,presenter,law,quizshow,家庭(不是自己家),电器(除电脑),户外运动,衣服时尚,礼物,颜色,老师,博物馆,邻居,调皮的事,食物,餐馆,走路(walkwithafriend)野生动物。少的还有邻居,音乐,艺术家,书,建筑,曾经的工作,想买的东西,讲外语的人,从前的朋友,基本上吧。但是很纳闷,4点过后出现好多今天下午都没见过的题,不知道明天到底怎样,求解答,有,skill,工作(规划方向),课程,放松的一天和sleep。。。崩溃的我的就这些了,攒人品呀攒人品!
回忆20:
2010年12月4日
下午5点----------口试回忆(北京语言大学考点)
Part1
Areyouworkingorstudying?
What'syourmajor?
IsyourmajorpopularinChina?
Whichwaydoyoupreferinreceivinginformations---throughTVornewspaper,andwhy?
(我答了报纸)
Doyouthinkit'snecessaryforutoreadnewspapertoknowtheeverydaynews?Andwhy?
----------
Part2
discribeasituationthatyourfriendgaveyouapieceofveryhelpfuladvice.
anddiscribetheadvice
------------
Part3
还是关于建议的问题
1.Fromyourpointofwill,whoarethebetteronetogetsuggestionsfrominmostsituation,yourparentsoryourfriends?
2.Ifthechildrendon'twanttofollowtheirparentssuggestion,dotheyhavetheright(orisitsensibleenoughforthem)todisobeythem?
回忆21:
广州仲凯304
考官:中年男人,不笑的.感觉象新来的,
PART1:study,cooking,reading,问的不多
PART2:MUSIC
PART3:MUSICANDAGES,音乐与老人的关系,
回忆22:
12.4长沙下午
part1:
学习还是工作?
专业是?
为什么选择这个专业?
你最喜欢这个专业的什么?
你觉得这个专业好找工作吗?
你喜欢穿什么衣服?
你会在老的时候穿现在的衣服吗?
你有买的新衣服但是没有穿过的吗?
part2:
describeawildanimal
whatisit
howdoyouknowaboutthisanimal
whatdoyouknowaboutthisanimal
part3
zoo和animalpark有什么作用?
在你的国家有什么动物园吗?
你觉得政府对保护动物做的够吗?
OK,关于decisions雅思阅读和做雅思阅读的时候遇到难题怎么办的内容到此结束了,希望对大家有所帮助。
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